Percentage of First of Family to Attend High School

FIRST-GENERATION STUDENTS IN Higher EDUCATION

Outset-generation undergraduates confront myriad barriers in their pursuit to get the first in their families to graduate college. Predominantly non-white and from depression-income backgrounds, they are often the outset in their families to navigate college admissions, financial help, and postsecondary coursework. Inquiry has found pregnant differences in enrollment, degree attainment, and finances between standing-generation students (whose parents take a bachelor'due south caste or higher) and students whose parents have lilliputian or no higher experience.

According to the National Center for Teaching Statistics (NCES), 35% of undergraduates were the first in their families to go to higher in the 2015–16 bookish year. An additional 26% of these students had parents with at least some college feel but non a bachelor'south degree.[i]

Unless noted, this brief uses data from NCES from the 2011–12 bookish twelvemonth.

ENROLLMENT/DEGREE ATTAINMENT

• First-generation students were more probable to nourish ii-twelvemonth institutions than their peers.
  • 53% of first-generation students enrolled in a ii-yr institution, compared with 39% of students whose parents had at least a bachelor's degree.
  • Only 39% of first-generation students attended four-yr institutions.
• First-generation students were more likely to enroll in for-profit institutions than their peers.
  • xviii% of first-generation students enrolled in for-profits, compared with 5% of students whose parents had at least a bachelor's degree.
  • Nearly l% of all students enrolled in for-profits were first-generation students.
• First-generation students were more likely to nourish college part-fourth dimension than their peers.
  • 48% of commencement-generation students attended college part-fourth dimension, compared to 38% of students whose parents had at least a bachelor's degree.
• First-generation students enrolled in exclusively online programs at a higher charge per unit than their peers.
  • 14% of first-generation students enrolled in exclusively online programs while 10% of their peers whose parents had at to the lowest degree a available's degree enrolled in exclusively online programs.
• According to the Student Affairs Administrators in Higher Teaching (NASPA) Middle for First-Generation Student Success, 42% of college students who graduated in 2015–2016 with a bachelor's degree were first-generation college students.
• The same study plant that first-generation students enroll at higher rates at Minority-Serving Institutions (MSI) in the 2015–2016 school twelvemonth,
  • 67% of students enrolled at American Indian/Alaska Native-serving Institutions are first-generation students
  • 65% of students enrolled at Hispanic-Serving Institutions are first-generation students
  • 60% of students enrolled at Historically Black Colleges and Universities (HBCUs) are first-generation students.

DEMOGRAPHICS

• Among all undergraduate students enrolled in the 2015–2016 academic year, the S. Department of Teaching classified 37% of white, 33% Latino, 19% African-American and 8% of Asian-American undergraduate students as first-generation students. Kickoff-generation students tended to exist older than their peers and were more than likely to have dependents.
  • The median age for first-generation students was 23, compared to the median historic period of 21 for students whose parents had at least a available's degree.
  • 34% of commencement-generation students were over historic period thirty, compared to 17% of students whose parents had at to the lowest degree a available's degree.
• According to NCES (2017), 78% of offset-generation students were native English speakers in 2012.

FAMILY WEALTH, Educatee DEBT, AND EARNINGS OUTCOMES

• Offset-generation students had a lower median household income and more unmet financial need than students whose parents attended college.
  • The median family income for first-generation freshmen at two- and four-year institutions was $37,565, compared to $99,635 for continuing-generation [ii] freshmen.
    • According to a 2008 Pell Establish report, the mean amount of unmet financial need for low-income, commencement-generation students was about $6,000 (before loans), which represented half of their median annual income of $12,100.
  • 27% of outset-generation students came from households making $20,000 or less, compared to half dozen% of continuing-generation freshmen.
• According to The Institute of College Access and Success, thirty% of get-go-generation available's degree recipients have difficulty with pupil loan repayment (due east.g., deferments, forbearances, delinquencies).
• 46% of first-generation borrowers attended institutions in the lesser quartile in default charge per unit measurements.
• According to a 2021 Pew Enquiry Center study, first-generation college graduates incurred more debt paying for their education.
  • 65% of commencement-generation college graduates owed $25,000 or more in student loans, compared with 57% of second-generation college graduates.
• First-generation students accumulate less wealth [iii] over a lifetime than students with college-educated parents.
  • The median household wealth of first-generation college graduates is $152,000 compared to 2d-generation college graduates ($244,500).

SOURCES

Contour of Undergraduate Students: 2011-12. U.S. Department of Educational activity, October 2014

Web Tables—Profile of Undergraduate Students: Attendance, Altitude and Remedial Education, Degree Program and Field of study. U.S. Department of Didactics, Jan 2019

Remedial Coursetaking at U.S. Public 2- and 4-Year Institutions: Scope, Experience, and Outcomes. National Center for Education Statistics, September 2016.

National Trends in Federal Pupil Loan Borrowing by Income Group and First-Generation Condition. Association for Institutional Research, Jan 2020.

Showtime-Generation Students College Access, Persistence, and Postbachelor'southward Outcomes. National Eye for Education Statistics, February 2018.

First-Generation and Continuing-Generation College Students: A Comparison of High School and Postsecondary Experiences. National Eye for Education Statistics, September 2017.

Indicators of Higher Education Equity in the Usa: 2019 Historical Trend Report. The Pell Institute, 2019.

Student Debt and the Class of 2019. The Establish for College Admission and Success, October 2020.

The Stubborn Race and Form Gaps in College Quality. Brookings Institute, December 2015.

Students. Inside Higher Educational activity, September 2017

First-Generation College Graduates Lag Behind Their Peers on Key Economic Outcomes. Pew Research Center, May 2021

First Generation Higher Students Demographic Characteristics and Postsecondary Enrollment. NASPA Center for First Generation Student Success, 2019

Kickoff-Generation Students College Access, Persistence, and Postbachelor's Outcomes. US Department of Instruction, Feb 2018.

First-Generation and Continuing-Generation College Students: A Comparison of High Schoolhouse and Postsecondary Experiences. US Department of Education, September 2017

Moving Beyond Access: Higher Success For Low-Income, First-Generation Students. Pell Found, November 2008.

Kickoff-generation College Graduates' Enrollment After Earning a Available's Caste. RTI International, 2021.

First Generation Higher Graduates' Employment and Finances. RTI International, 2021.

National Center of Educational Statistics Power Stats. Retrieved from: https://nces.ed.gov/datalab/powerstats/table/aipylo

Updated November 2021

[i] In that location is some disagreement about how to define the term first-generation. NCES (2014) defines start-generation college students as those who are the first in their family to attend higher. NCES (2018) defines first-generation every bit students whose parents accept not participated in postsecondary pedagogy. Co-ordinate to the Pell Institute, a outset-generation pupil is a student whose parent or guardian did not accomplish a bachelor'due south degree.

[2] NCES (2017) defines continuing-generation higher students as students who accept at least one parent who had some postsecondary education. NCES (2018) defines continuing-generation students as those with at least one parent who earned a bachelor's caste and students with at least one parent who attended college but no parent who had earned a bachelor'southward caste.

[iii] Pew Enquiry Middle (2021) defines wealth as the value of all the assets endemic past the household (cars, homes, financial assets, businesses, etc.) minus outstanding debts owed past the household.

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Source: https://pnpi.org/first-generation-students/

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